Multi-Ecosystem Arbovirus Transmission Networks: The Spatial Spread of Mosquitoes’ Blood-meal Sources and Vector-Borne Diseases

The arbovirus transmission in natural systems is mainly dependent on host-vector interactions. However, issues such as spatial connectivity and fragmentation can change their traffic patterns in ecosystems.
Due to the research on the traffic of arbovirus in multiple ecosystems is in its preliminary stages, our study has focused on the analysis of interactions of arbovirus identified by molecular techniques from mosquito blood meal in coastal systems (Pinto et al., 2018). In this context, we provide
a mono and multilayer network modeling for the host-vector arbovirus transmission system (Figs.1 and 2).
The records of some blood meal sources indicate that (i) many mosquito-borne arboviruses have more than one competent vector, and (ii) they can be reservoirs for viruses such as West Nile Virus (WNV), St.Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV), Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus (VEEV), Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), and Dengue Virus (DENV).
Other results show how the richness of avian fauna and their migration patterns dominate the assemblage of mosquito blood meals. Meantime, wild mammals just represented a small portion of the blood meal pool. In spite of the anthropophilia factor was notably low, human beings are intra
and inter-ecosystem bridge nodes that spread the arbovirus transmission since humans cause habitat fragmentation.
We recognize that the use of multi-ecosystem arbovirus transmission networks approach can help to evolve our understanding of host-vector system transmission. In this regard, hierarchical analysis of connected components shows that Paddy and Pastureland have more structural similarity
than Mangroves, and human domiciles (Fig. 3). Based on our findings, we argued that the arbovirus traffic in multiple ecosystems comes from complex transitions, and this learning should be incorporated into applied health planning and management programs.